Relay.



A. N.. HOVLAND.

RELAY. 1 APPLICATION FILED MAY 1, 1913. RENEWED DEC. 21. 1913.

1,293,098. I Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

i131 Fig.2. Fig.5 Fig.1.

' A. N. HOVLAND.

. RELAY. APPLICATION FILED MAY L l9l3- RENEWED DEC. 27

, I918. 1,293,098. Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

EEEEE SSHEET 2.

A; N. HOVLAND.

RELAY.

APPLICATION man MAY 1. 1913 RENEWED 05c. 27, I918.

Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 A. N. HOVLAND.

RELAY.

, APPLICATION FILED MAY 1, 1913- RENEWED DEC.27,19|8- 1,293,698. Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

- v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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' RELAY. I

Application filed Kay 1, 1918, Serial No. 764,954.

To all wkom'z't may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM NILSEN HOVLAND, a subject'of the King of Norway, residing at Ohristiania, Norway, have invented certain'new and useful Improvements in Relays; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as. will-enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference :tographed on a running photographic strip.

, No one, however, has heretofore succeeded in constructing a relay device or obtaining anyrelay action by means of sald fact.

The object of the present invention is now to make use of said property of the magnetic field to produce a very sensitive.

relay device using one or more photo-electric cells, for instance selenium cells.

ing to the present invention this is attained produce a combined effect on the selenium by using suitable means, as a grid and'one or more wires placed so as to intercept the light rays thereby obtaining one or more shadow or light stripes which are used to cell, or, by placing on one or more wires a small transparent plate of glass, mlca, or

' the like, which is provided with several dark stripes, and which is either moved laterally or swung, when a current is passing through the wire or wires. The cell is in a local or separate circuit and is the effective means for controlling the current through said cir cuit.

This is the characteristic feature of the present invention.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Accord- Patented. Feb. 4, 1919. Renewed December 27, 1918. Serial No. 268,513.

The accompanying drawing illustrates some embodiments of the invention.

Flgures 1 to 4 represent diagrammaticallv varrous arrangements of the wires. u

Figs. 5 to 11 show various modified forms of the apparatus.

Fig. 1? is a view partly in section of a tenslonlng means, and

Fig. 13 illustratesthe use of a of photo electric cells. v Fig. 14 is an enlarged sectional view showng the mirrors, Fig. 11 and their supporting wires. Fig. 15 shows a notched grid. Fig. 16 shows a striped screen.

In Fig. 1 a, b and c are 3 wires which are coupled in series and to the source of current or, for. instance, to adetector d for electromagnetic waves.

In Fig. 2 the wires are coupled in parallel. In Figs. 3 and 4 inductive coupling is used by means of a transformer e. In these 4 examples the current passes in the same directionin all 3 wires; the wires may also be arranged so that the current will pass in opposlte dlrections in the various 'wires,

plurality if only care be taken to make use of the lateral movement of the wire for a combined light effect on the selenium cell. It

is simply necessary in some forms of'the invention to displace the wires to permit light to pass. by them, and in others it is advisable to cause a couple to act in adjacent wires, as hereinafter referred to.

The rays transmitted from the source of light pass by the conducting wires 41, b c

and toward a grid g. Behind this grid is the selenium cell 71.. The wires a, b c are so arranged in a magnetic field between two magnet poles A and B provided with registering apertures 1 and 2 that, when, no current is passmg through them, the light rays will fall on the opaque ribs of the grid, and

no light will fall on the selenium cell, the wires (1, b, c throwing their shadows on the same. If, however, a current is passing through said wires, the latter will be moved laterally and their shadows consequently be displaced sidewise so as to fall on the ribs of the grid, and now the light rays will fall on the selenium cell. The latter then becomes more conductive and a stronger current will pass from the battery 2' through the cell and the rela j which operates the desired instrument, c ock, etc., in a well known manner.

Instead of using the light directly it may also be caused to pass through lenses or to be reflected by mirrors before it strikes the selenium cell.

In Fig. 6 is illustrated diagrammatically an arrangement of lenses 0 by WlllOh the li ht effect on the selenium cell is increased. That is to say, the light from the source 7' iscollected and a larger portion is so concentrated,by the lenses that a greater quantity of light is caused to be concentrated on the cell than would otherwise be the case were the lenses omitted.

illustrated an arrangement In Fig. 7 is with narrow spreading lenses n behind the grid 9, whereby the light rays are distrlbuted over the entire surface of the selenium cell.

In Fig. 8 is shown an arrangement in which are used two magnets and two sets of conducting wires, and in which the light rays are transmitted from one apparatus toward a mirror m which reflects them onto those portions of the cell that are not exposed by the other apparatus.

It is immaterial whether a direct current or alternate current or interrupted direct"...

current be assed through the conducting wires. If direct current be used, the grid should be so arranged with respect to the light rays that the latter may act during lateral movements of the wires in either direction. If alternate current or interrupted direct current with a given number of periodsbe used, the tightening of the conducting wires may advantageously be'so adapted as to make them oscillate in resonance with the current impulses. Thereb the efl'ect of the latter will be considera' ly increased. Means for adjusting the tension of the wire are shown in Fig. 12, in which there is an adjustable thimble v mounted in a su port 3 to which is hinged an arm a whose ree end is held stationary with respect to thimble v by a thumb-screw X. Within the thimble v is a smaller thimble y whose hea'd't is urged against an arm to by a spring a. The end of wire a carrying the screenk is soldered or otherwise conductively attached to a short rod 8 that is fastenedin the movable thim-= ble y by a set screw d. The lower end of the wire 0 is held stationary in any suitable support. By adjusting the screw X the tension on the wire 9, which is in efiectunder the action of the spring a can be adjusted for resonance.

Since the magnitude of the lateral movement of the wires is dependent on the intensity of currentv in the wire, quantitative effects may be obtained according to this method, so that the whole may act as a kind of telephone relay. In this case however relatively to each other and to the gri that a stronger or slighter light efl'ect is obtained on the cell according as the wires move more or less laterally. Further the arrangement may be so made that the grid g, Fig. 15, is provided, for instance, with notches n, or, that a stripe-colored glass is placed in front of the same, which glass has the greatest opacity of its stripes 10 near the ribs of the grid and the clearness of which increases away from the ribs (Figs. 9 and 16). A greater lateral movement of the wire will thereby allow more light to pass throu h, thanwould a slighter movement and this will then have a corresponding efi ect on the selenium cell. If therefore a telephone is coupled in series with the cell and a battery,

will be of the same service, if they are sufiiciently opaque. Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment in which is used a striped plate 70 attached to a wire '0. The light rays pass-' it b. not ing to prevent the whole from being so arranged that the selenium cell will be ex-.' r

posed when nocurrent is passing through the wires, and that it will be eclipsed when current is coupling 0 altered correspondingly.

The invention may. also be carried out in v the manner that small mirrors are attached to the wires reflecting the light rays from a source of light ontothe selenium cell. It is then convenient to'mount the mirrors beis manner t is invent1on may also be used as a' telephone re- 4 the darkest stripes of the glass disk which.

passing through the wires. The

the relay will then have to I ing through the grid 9 from the source of light f are concentrated on the selenium cell means of the lens 'n. Of course there is I tween a pair or pairs' of wires and to cause a in opposite directions so that they will cause current to pass through the wires of the pair I 15 the conductive wires must be so dis osed 1 p D pla'de, as shown in Fi 11. Fig. 13 illustrates a plurality'of p oto-electric cells h,

It in conjunction with a grid 9 screen is.

The'device's above described are only examples of construction, since the apparatus and linecan be given various forms and be con- 1 structed 1n various ways without departing from the spirit of the inventlon. It is furthermore immaterial whether they are used as magnets permanentmagnets or electro magnets and in what way the same are formed. Itis further immaterial whether the conducting wires-are thin or thick, flat or round,

Claims: 1. In a relay "arrangement, the combination with means-for producing an electric field and a wire in said field arranged to be traversed by electric currents; of a local c1r-.-

cuit, a photo-electric cell therein ."and a source of light between which and said cell the wire is arranged, whereby the conductiv-- ity of the cell is controlled.

2. In a relay arrangement, the tion. with means for producing an electr1c field, and a plurality of wires arranged to be'traversed by electric current in said field;

of a local circuit, a hoto-electric c'ell therein, a source of light etween which and said cell the wires are arranged, whereby said wires control the illumination of sald cell. 3. In a relay arrangement, the combination with means for producing a magnetic field,and a plurality of conductors arranged in said field and to be traversed by .electric current; of a local circuit, a plurality of photo-electric cells in said circuit, a source of light between which and said cells. the wires are located to controlthe-illumination ofthecells; r

4. Ina relay arrangemennmeansto pro duce a magnetic field, a conductingwire in said field, aphoto-electric cell oppos te said 6 wire, a grid between said wire and cell, and

- a'source of light to illumine said cell; said' wire arranged to cofiperate'with said. gridto control the illumination of said cell.

5. .In a-relay arrangemen means to 'pro-' duce a magnetic field, conducting wiresin said field, a photo-electric cell, a grid ar-' ran ed between the wires and cell, a source Y of light to illumine said cell, said wires ar-.

ranged to cooperate with saidgridto con trol the illumination the cell. 6. In a relay arralfgemenn'means'to produce a magnetic fieldgh-conducting wire in said field, a photo-electric cell, a grid between the' wire and cell; a sourceof'light to] illumine said cell, said wire and grid arranged to control the illumination of said cell, and means atthelinterspaces of the grid interspaces of the andwhat metal they are made of.

to dispersethe light over the surface of the I cell. p

7. In arelay arrangement, means to pro-,

wires in said field, a photo-electric cell, a

id between the cell and wires, a source of I ight to illumine said cell, said wire and grid arranged to cooperate to control the Illumination of, the cell, and means at the over the cell.

8. In a relay duce a magnetic field, wires-in said field, a p grid between the cell and light to illumine said cell, said wire and arallel connecting oto-electric cell, a

illumination of the cell, means at the interspaces of the grid to disperse the rays over the cell, and means to adjust thetension of the wire to resonance of current passing throu h the wire.

9.. n a relay arrangement, the combinatlon wlth means for producing an electric field, and-a plurality of wires arranged to be grid todisperse the rays arrangement, means to prowires, a source of 1 grid arranged .to cooperate to control the traversed by electric current in said field; of

a local circuit, a a source of light between which and said cell the wires are arranged, whereby said wires control the illumination and meansto adjustthe tension of the wire to resonance of the current passing through the wire. I

of said cell,

photo electric cell therein,

10. In arelay arrangement, the combination with; means for producing field and ,at least a pair of wires arranged in said field and through which electric current is adapted to pass in opposite directions; ofa 'hotoeelectric cell, a grid before the cell, an a source of light between which grid and the cell. the wires are and the located. '11. The combination with a photo-electric a magnetic cell of a source of light arranged to illumine saidcell and means to throw a shadow on said cell and means adjacent the cell cooperelectric cell, a grid between the cell and wires said-grid and wirescooperating to control the illumination of vsaid cell, and means to illumine those portions of the cell behind the grid bars when the wires are displaced insaid field. i

moved laterof conducting 13; The combination with means to produce separate magnetic fields; of-conducting wires in each field, a source of light, a photoduce a magnetic field, parallel connecting control electric cell, a grid between the cell and wires, said id and wires cooperating to the lllumination of said cell, and means to illumine those portions of the cell behind the id bars when the wires are displaced in said field, and means to tension the wires to vibrate in synchronism with current passmg sald wires.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my lnvention, I have signed my name in 10 presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ABRAHAM NILSEN HOVLAND.

Witnesses:

M. E. GULBonENsnN, RUTH LINDSTROM. 

